ClC5

1

Devuyst O et al. Chloride transporters and receptor-mediated endocytosis in the renal proximal tubule.
J. Physiol. (Lond.), 2015 Sep 15 , 593 (4151-64).

2

Zifarelli G A tale of two CLCs: biophysical insights toward understanding ClC-5 and ClC-7 function in endosomes and lysosomes.
J. Physiol. (Lond.), 2015 Sep 15 , 593 (4139-50).

3

Wang Y et al. Characterization of 26 deletion CNVs reveals the frequent occurrence of micro-mutations within the breakpoint-flanking regions and frequent repair of double-strand breaks by templated insertions derived from remote genomic regions.
Hum. Genet., 2015 Jun , 134 (589-603).

4

Pohl M et al. Short-term functional adaptation of aquaporin-1 surface expression in the proximal tubule, a component of glomerulotubular balance.
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2015 Jun , 26 (1269-78).

5

Greenlee MM et al. Prolactin stimulates sodium and chloride ion channels in A6 renal epithelial cells.
Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2015 Jan 13 , (ajprenal.00270.2014).

6

Jian S et al. [Clinical and genetic analysis of Dent disease in 4 Chinese children].
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi, 2015 Dec , 17 (1261-6).

7

Nanami M et al. ENaC inhibition stimulates HCl secretion in the mouse cortical collecting duct. I. Stilbene-sensitive Cl- secretion.
Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2015 Aug 1 , 309 (F251-8).

8

Mansour-Hendili L et al. Mutation Update of the CLCN5 Gene Responsible for Dent Disease 1.
Hum. Mutat., 2015 Aug , 36 (743-52).

9

Lee A et al. Chloride channel ClC-5 binds to aspartyl aminopeptidase to regulate renal albumin endocytosis.
Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2015 Apr 1 , 308 (F784-92).

10

Ruiz-Lafuente N et al. IL-4 Up-Regulates MiR-21 and the MiRNAs Hosted in the CLCN5 Gene in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.
PLoS ONE, 2015 , 10 (e0124936).

11

Grieschat M et al. Multiple discrete transitions underlie voltage-dependent activation in CLC Cl(-)/H(+) antiporters.
Biophys. J., 2014 Sep 16 , 107 (L13-5).

12

Cramer MT et al. Expanding the phenotype of proteinuria in Dent disease. A case series.
Pediatr. Nephrol., 2014 Oct , 29 (2051-4).

13

Pusch M et al. ClC-5: Physiological role and biophysical mechanisms.
Cell Calcium, 2014 Nov 13 , ().

14

Park E et al. Muscle involvement in Dent disease 2.
Pediatr. Nephrol., 2014 Nov , 29 (2127-32).

15

Ashida A et al. Molecular effect of a novel missense mutation, L266V, on function of ClC-5 protein in a Japanese patient with Dent's disease.
Clin. Nephrol., 2014 Jul , 82 (58-61).

16

Sekine T et al. Japanese Dent disease has a wider clinical spectrum than Dent disease in Europe/USA: genetic and clinical studies of 86 unrelated patients with low-molecular-weight proteinuria.
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 2014 Feb , 29 (376-84).

17

Zhang H et al. Identification of a novel mutation in the CLCN5 gene in a Chinese family with Dent-1 disease.
Nephrology (Carlton), 2014 Feb , 19 (80-3).

18

Ji LN et al. A novel CLCN5 mutation in a Chinese boy with Dent's disease.
World J Pediatr, 2014 Aug , 10 (275-7).

19

Tosetto E et al. Complexity of the 5'UTR region of the CLCN5 gene: eleven 5'UTR ends are differentially expressed in the human kidney.
BMC Med Genomics, 2014 , 7 (41).

20

Platt C et al. Dent's disease complicated by an acute Budd-Chiari syndrome.
BMJ Case Rep, 2014 , 2014 ().

21

Duan X Ion Channels, Channelopathies, and Tooth Formation.
J. Dent. Res., 2013 Sep 27 , ().

22

Valina MR et al. A novel CLCN5 mutation in a boy with asymptomatic proteinuria and focal global glomerulosclerosis.
Clin. Nephrol., 2013 Nov , 80 (377-84).

23

Guzman RE et al. ClC-3 is an intracellular chloride/proton exchanger with large voltage-dependent nonlinear capacitance.
ACS Chem Neurosci, 2013 Jun 19 , 4 (994-1003).

24

D'Antonio C et al. Conformational defects underlie proteasomal degradation of Dent's disease-causing mutants of ClC-5.
Biochem. J., 2013 Jun 15 , 452 (391-400).

25

Addis M et al. An atypical Dent's disease phenotype caused by co-inheritance of mutations at CLCN5 and OCRL genes.
Eur. J. Hum. Genet., 2013 Jun , 21 (687-90).

26

De Stefano S et al. A single point mutation reveals gating of the human ClC-5 Cl-/H+ antiporter.
J. Physiol. (Lond.), 2013 Dec 1 , 591 (5879-93).

27

Ochoa-de la Paz LD et al. Characterization of an outward rectifying chloride current of Xenopus tropicalis oocytes.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2013 Aug , 1828 (1743-53).

28

Gorvin CM et al. Receptor-mediated endocytosis and endosomal acidification is impaired in proximal tubule epithelial cells of Dent disease patients.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2013 Apr 23 , 110 (7014-9).

29

Jonchere VV et al. Identification of uterine ion transporters for mineralisation precursors of the avian eggshell.
BMC Physiol., 2012 Sep 4 , 12 (10).

30

Zifarelli G et al. On the mechanism of gating charge movement of ClC-5, a human Cl(-)/H(+) antiporter.
Biophys. J., 2012 May 2 , 102 (2060-9).

31

Grieschat M et al. Glutamate 268 regulates transport probability of the anion/proton exchanger ClC-5.
J. Biol. Chem., 2012 Mar 9 , 287 (8101-9).

32

Bennetts B et al. Intracellular β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide inhibits the skeletal muscle ClC-1 chloride channel.
J. Biol. Chem., 2012 Jul 27 , 287 (25808-20).

33

Stauber T et al. Cell biology and physiology of CLC chloride channels and transporters.
Compr Physiol, 2012 Jul , 2 (1701-44).

34

Beck-Nielsen SS et al. Mutational analysis of PHEX, FGF23, DMP1, SLC34A3 and CLCN5 in patients with hypophosphatemic rickets.
J. Hum. Genet., 2012 Jul , 57 (453-8).

35

Lourdel S et al. ClC-5 mutations associated with Dent's disease: a major role of the dimer interface.
Pflugers Arch., 2012 Feb , 463 (247-56).

36

Okamoto T et al. A patient with Dent disease and features of Bartter syndrome caused by a novel mutation of CLCN5.
Eur. J. Pediatr., 2012 Feb , 171 (401-4).

37

Coulibaly G et al. [Dent's syndrome. Nephrology follow-up of four patients of the same family].
Nephrol. Ther., 2012 Apr , 8 (92-5).

38

Lippiat JD et al. The CLC-5 2Cl(-)/H(+) exchange transporter in endosomal function and Dent's disease.
Front Physiol, 2012 , 3 (449).

39

Ceol M et al. Involvement of the tubular ClC-type exchanger ClC-5 in glomeruli of human proteinuric nephropathies.
PLoS ONE, 2012 , 7 (e45605).

40

Zhang H et al. Characterisation of Cl(-) transporter and channels in experimentally induced myopic chick eyes.
Clin Exp Optom, 2011 Nov , 94 (528-35).

41

Claverie-Martín F et al. Dent's disease: clinical features and molecular basis.
Pediatr. Nephrol., 2011 May , 26 (693-704).

42

Lin Z et al. Chloride channel (Clc)-5 is necessary for exocytic trafficking of Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3).
J. Biol. Chem., 2011 Jul 1 , 286 (22833-45).

43

De Stefano S et al. Extracellular determinants of anion discrimination of the Cl-/H+ antiporter protein CLC-5.
J. Biol. Chem., 2011 Dec 23 , 286 (44134-44).

44

Fong P Thyroid iodide efflux: a team effort?
J. Physiol. (Lond.), 2011 Dec 15 , 589 (5929-39).

45

Raggi C et al. Decreased renal accumulation of aminoglycoside reflects defective receptor-mediated endocytosis in cystic fibrosis and Dent's disease.
Pflugers Arch., 2011 Dec , 462 (851-60).

46

Grand T et al. Heterogeneity in the processing of CLCN5 mutants related to Dent disease.
Hum. Mutat., 2011 Apr , 32 (476-83).

47

Tseng PY et al. Binding of ATP to the CBS domains in the C-terminal region of CLC-1.
J. Gen. Physiol., 2011 Apr , 137 (357-68).

48

Jouret F et al. Segmental and subcellular distribution of CFTR in the kidney.
Methods Mol. Biol., 2011 , 741 (285-99).

49

Simske JS et al. Claudin family proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Methods Mol. Biol., 2011 , 762 (147-69).

50

Wang H et al. Osteogenic role of endosomal chloride channels in MC3T3-E1 cells.
Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2010 Sep , 342 (191-9).

51

Stauber T et al. Sorting motifs of the endosomal/lysosomal CLC chloride transporters.
J. Biol. Chem., 2010 Nov 5 , 285 (34537-48).

52

Bogdanović R et al. A novel CLCN5 mutation in a boy with Bartter-like syndrome and partial growth hormone deficiency.
Pediatr. Nephrol., 2010 Nov , 25 (2363-8).

53

Smith AJ et al. Voltage-dependent charge movement associated with activation of the CLC-5 2Cl-/1H+ exchanger.
, 2010 May 25 , ().

54

Zhu BZ et al. [Clinical and genetic analysis of Dent' s disease in 6 Chinese children with low molecular weight proteinuria].
Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi, 2010 May , 48 (329-33).

55

Rickheit G et al. Role of ClC-5 in renal endocytosis is unique among ClC exchangers and does not require PY-motif-dependent ubiquitylation.
J. Biol. Chem., 2010 Jun 4 , 285 (17595-603).

56

Smith AJ et al. Direct endosomal acidification by the outwardly rectifying CLC-5 Cl(-)/H(+) exchanger.
J. Physiol. (Lond.), 2010 Jun 15 , 588 (2033-45).

57

Novarino G et al. Endosomal chloride-proton exchange rather than chloride conductance is crucial for renal endocytosis.
Science, 2010 Jun 11 , 328 (1398-401).

58

Cao L et al. Chloride channels and transporters in human corneal epithelium.
Exp. Eye Res., 2010 Jun , 90 (771-9).

59

Picollo A et al. Proton block of the CLC-5 Cl-/H+ exchanger.
J. Gen. Physiol., 2010 Jun , 135 (653-9).

60

Wellhauser L et al. ClC transporters: discoveries and challenges in defining the mechanisms underlying function and regulation of ClC-5.
Pflugers Arch., 2010 Jul , 460 (543-57).

61

Reed AA et al. CLC-5 and KIF3B interact to facilitate CLC-5 plasma membrane expression, endocytosis, and microtubular transport: relevance to pathophysiology of Dent's disease.
Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2010 Feb , 298 (F365-80).

62

Jouret F et al. Single photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT) for functional investigation of the proximal tubule in conscious mice.
Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2010 Feb , 298 (F454-60).

63

Tanaka K et al. The transcription factor HNF1α regulates expression of chloride-proton exchanger ClC-5 in the renal proximal tubule.
Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2010 Dec , 299 (F1339-47).

64

Tian M et al. Chloride channels regulate chondrogenesis in chicken mandibular mesenchymal cells.
Arch. Oral Biol., 2010 Dec , 55 (938-45).

65

Senou M et al. A coherent organization of differentiation proteins is required to maintain an appropriate thyroid function in the Pendred thyroid.
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2010 Aug , 95 (4021-30).

66

Alex P et al. Clcn5 knockout mice exhibit novel immunomodulatory effects and are more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.
J. Immunol., 2010 Apr 1 , 184 (3988-96).

67

Devuyst O et al. Dent's disease.
Orphanet J Rare Dis, 2010 , 5 (28).

68

Carraro-Lacroix LR et al. Role of CFTR and ClC-5 in modulating vacuolar H+-ATPase activity in kidney proximal tubule.
Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 2010 , 26 (563-76).

69

Ringman Uggla A et al. Expression of chloride channels in trachea-occluded hyperplastic lungs and nitrofen-induced hypoplastic lungs in rats.
Pediatr. Surg. Int., 2009 Sep , 25 (799-806).

70

Sethi SK et al. Vitamin A responsive night blindness in Dent's disease.
Pediatr. Nephrol., 2009 Sep , 24 (1765-70).

71

Zifarelli G et al. Intracellular regulation of human ClC-5 by adenine nucleotides.
EMBO Rep., 2009 Oct , 10 (1111-6).

72

Tosetto E et al. Novel mutations of the CLCN5 gene including a complex allele and A 5' UTR mutation in Dent disease 1.
Clin. Genet., 2009 Oct , 76 (413-6).

73

Tosetto E et al. Locus heterogeneity of Dent's disease: OCRL1 and TMEM27 genes in patients with no CLCN5 mutations.
Pediatr. Nephrol., 2009 Oct , 24 (1967-73).

74

Grand T et al. Novel CLCN5 mutations in patients with Dent's disease result in altered ion currents or impaired exchanger processing.
Kidney Int., 2009 Nov , 76 (999-1005).

75

Plans V et al. Physiological roles of CLC Cl(-)/H (+) exchangers in renal proximal tubules.
Pflugers Arch., 2009 May , 458 (23-37).

76

Zifarelli G et al. Conversion of the 2 Cl(-)/1 H+ antiporter ClC-5 in a NO3(-)/H+ antiporter by a single point mutation.
EMBO J., 2009 Feb 4 , 28 (175-82).

77

Guggino SE Can we generate new hypotheses about Dent's disease from gene analysis of a mouse model?
Exp. Physiol., 2009 Feb , 94 (191-6).

78

Sullivan S et al. Downregulation of sodium transporters and NHERF proteins in IBD patients and mouse colitis models: potential contributors to IBD-associated diarrhea.
Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 2009 Feb , 15 (261-74).

79

Smith AJ et al. Characterization of Dent's disease mutations of CLC-5 reveals a correlation between functional and cell biological consequences and protein structure.
Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2009 Feb , 296 (F390-7).

80

Frishberg Y et al. Dent's disease manifesting as focal glomerulosclerosis: Is it the tip of the iceberg?
Pediatr. Nephrol., 2009 Dec , 24 (2369-73).

81

Stechman MJ et al. Genetic causes of hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis.
Pediatr. Nephrol., 2009 Dec , 24 (2321-32).

82

Duan X et al. ClC-5 regulates dentin development through TGF-beta1 pathway.
Arch. Oral Biol., 2009 Dec , 54 (1118-24).

83

Bergsdorf EY et al. Residues important for nitrate/proton coupling in plant and mammalian CLC transporters.
J. Biol. Chem., 2009 Apr 24 , 284 (11184-93).

84

Mohammad-Panah R et al. An essential role for ClC-4 in transferrin receptor function revealed in studies of fibroblasts derived from Clcn4-null mice.
J. Cell. Sci., 2009 Apr 15 , 122 (1229-37).

85

Li P et al. Phenotype and genotype of Dent's disease in three Chinese boys.
, 2009 Apr , 14 (139-42).

86

Jouret F et al. CFTR and defective endocytosis: new insights in the renal phenotype of cystic fibrosis.
Pflugers Arch., 2009 Apr , 457 (1227-36).

87

Shrimpton AE et al. OCRL1 mutations in Dent 2 patients suggest a mechanism for phenotypic variability.
Nephron Physiol, 2009 , 112 (p27-36).

88

Dinour D et al. Truncating mutations in the chloride/proton ClC-5 antiporter gene in Seven Jewish Israeli families with Dent's 1 disease.
Nephron Clin Pract, 2009 , 112 (c262-7).

89

Wu F et al. Mutational analysis of CLC-5, cofilin and CLC-4 in patients with Dent's disease.
Nephron Physiol, 2009 , 112 (p53-62).

90

Hou J et al. ClC chloride channels in tooth germ and odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells.
Arch. Oral Biol., 2008 Sep , 53 (874-8).

91

Osteen JD et al. Insights into the ClC-4 transport mechanism from studies of Zn2+ inhibition.
Biophys. J., 2008 Nov 15 , 95 (4668-75).

92

Wright J et al. Transcriptional adaptation to Clcn5 knockout in proximal tubules of mouse kidney.
Physiol. Genomics, 2008 May 13 , 33 (341-54).

93

Sheffer-Babila S et al. Growth hormone improves growth rate and preserves renal function in Dent disease.
J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab., 2008 Mar , 21 (279-86).

94

Graves AR et al. The Cl-/H+ antiporter ClC-7 is the primary chloride permeation pathway in lysosomes.
Nature, 2008 Jun 5 , 453 (788-92).

95

Gailly P et al. A novel renal carbonic anhydrase type III plays a role in proximal tubule dysfunction.
Kidney Int., 2008 Jul , 74 (52-61).

96

Matsuda JJ et al. Overexpression of CLC-3 in HEK293T cells yields novel currents that are pH dependent.
Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol., 2008 Jan , 294 (C251-62).

97

Zdebik AA et al. Determinants of anion-proton coupling in mammalian endosomal CLC proteins.
J. Biol. Chem., 2008 Feb 15 , 283 (4219-27).

98

Cho HY et al. Renal manifestations of Dent disease and Lowe syndrome.
Pediatr. Nephrol., 2008 Feb , 23 (243-9).

99

Pavićević S et al. [Dent's disease]
Srp Arh Celok Lek, 2008 Dec , 136 Suppl 4 (312-5).

100

Vandewalle A Expression and function of CLC and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channels in renal epithelial tubule cells: pathophysiological implications.
, 2007 Jan-Feb , 30 (17-25).

101

Levtchenko EN et al. [From gene to disease; Dent's disease caused by abnormalities in the CLCN5 and OCRL1 genes]
, 2007 Oct 27 , 151 (2377-80).

102

Jouret F et al. Cystic fibrosis is associated with a defect in apical receptor-mediated endocytosis in mouse and human kidney.
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2007 Mar , 18 (707-18).

103

Meyer S et al. Nucleotide recognition by the cytoplasmic domain of the human chloride transporter ClC-5.
Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 2007 Jan , 14 (60-7).

104

Jentsch TJ Chloride and the endosomal-lysosomal pathway: emerging roles of CLC chloride transporters.
J. Physiol. (Lond.), 2007 Feb 1 , 578 (633-40).

105

Schmieder S et al. N-glycosylation of the Xenopus laevis ClC-5 protein plays a role in cell surface expression, affecting transport activity at the plasma membrane.
J. Cell. Physiol., 2007 Feb , 210 (479-88).

106

Ramos-Trujillo E et al. Molecular analysis of the CLCN5 gene in Dent's disease: first mutation identified in a patient from South America.
Clin. Nephrol., 2007 Dec , 68 (367-72).

107

Zifarelli G et al. CLC chloride channels and transporters: a biophysical and physiological perspective.
Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2007 , 158 (23-76).

108

Ramos-Trujillo E et al. A missense mutation in the chloride/proton ClC-5 antiporter gene results in increased expression of an alternative mRNA form that lacks exons 10 and 11. Identification of seven new CLCN5 mutations in patients with Dent's disease.
J. Hum. Genet., 2007 , 52 (255-61).

109

Souza-Menezes J et al. Absence of ClC5 in knockout mice leads to glycosuria, impaired renal glucose handling and low proximal tubule GLUT2 protein expression.
Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 2007 , 20 (455-64).

110

Tanuma A et al. Functional characterization of a novel missense CLCN5 mutation causing alterations in proximal tubular endocytic machinery in Dent's disease.
Nephron Physiol, 2007 , 107 (p87-97).

111

Wellhauser L et al. Nucleotides bind to the C-terminus of ClC-5.
Biochem. J., 2006 Sep 1 , 398 (289-94).

112

Ludwig M et al. Hypercalciuria in patients with CLCN5 mutations.
Pediatr. Nephrol., 2006 Sep , 21 (1241-50).

113

Tosetto E et al. Phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity in Dent's disease--the results of an Italian collaborative study.
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 2006 Sep , 21 (2452-63).

114

Sile S et al. Molecular physiology of renal ClC chloride channels/transporters.
Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens., 2006 Sep , 15 (511-6).

115

Abdullaev IF et al. Pharmacological comparison of swelling-activated excitatory amino acid release and Cl- currents in cultured rat astrocytes.
J. Physiol. (Lond.), 2006 May 1 , 572 (677-89).

116

Damodaran TV et al. Toxicogenomic studies of the rat brain at an early time point following acute sarin exposure.
Neurochem. Res., 2006 Mar , 31 (367-81).

117

van den Hove MF et al. The loss of the chloride channel, ClC-5, delays apical iodide efflux and induces a euthyroid goiter in the mouse thyroid gland.
Endocrinology, 2006 Mar , 147 (1287-96).

118

Suzuki T et al. Intracellular localization of ClC chloride channels and their ability to form hetero-oligomers.
J. Cell. Physiol., 2006 Mar , 206 (792-8).

119

Hryciw DH et al. Regulation of albumin endocytosis by PSD95/Dlg/ZO-1 (PDZ) scaffolds. Interaction of Na+-H+ exchange regulatory factor-2 with ClC-5.
J. Biol. Chem., 2006 Jun 9 , 281 (16068-77).

120

Maritzen T et al. Kidney-specific upregulation of vitamin D3 target genes in ClC-5 KO mice.
Kidney Int., 2006 Jul , 70 (79-87).

121

Milliner DS Stones, bones, and heredity.
Acta Paediatr Suppl, 2006 Jul , 95 (27-30).

122

Pusch M et al. Channel or transporter? The CLC saga continues.
Exp. Physiol., 2006 Jan , 91 (149-52).

123

Carr G et al. Disruption of clc-5 leads to a redistribution of annexin A2 and promotes calcium crystal agglomeration in collecting duct epithelial cells.
Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 2006 Feb , 63 (367-77).

124

Utsch B et al. Novel OCRL1 mutations in patients with the phenotype of Dent disease.
Am. J. Kidney Dis., 2006 Dec , 48 (942.e1-14).

125

De Angeli A et al. The nitrate/proton antiporter AtCLCa mediates nitrate accumulation in plant vacuoles.
Nature, 2006 Aug 24 , 442 (939-42).

126

Maritzen T et al. ClC-5 does not affect megalin expression and function in the thyroid.
Thyroid, 2006 Aug , 16 (725-30).

127

Briet M et al. How Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes, and Dent's disease have provided important insights into the function of three renal chloride channels: ClC-Ka/b and ClC-5.
Nephron Physiol, 2006 , 103 (p7-13).

128

Tosetto E et al. Dent's disease and prevalence of renal stones in dialysis patients in Northeastern Italy.
J. Hum. Genet., 2006 , 51 (25-30).

129

Hryciw DH et al. ClC-5: a chloride channel with multiple roles in renal tubular albumin uptake.
Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 2006 , 38 (1036-42).

130

Wang Y et al. ClC-5: role in endocytosis in the proximal tubule.
Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2005 Oct , 289 (F850-62).

131

Rebelo MA et al. Screening for CLCN5 mutation in renal calcium stone formers patients.
An. Acad. Bras. Cienc., 2005 Mar , 77 (95-101).

132

Comes N et al. Differential expression of the human chloride channel genes in the trabecular meshwork under stress conditions.
Exp. Eye Res., 2005 Jun , 80 (801-13).

133

Jentsch TJ Chloride transport in the kidney: lessons from human disease and knockout mice.
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2005 Jun , 16 (1549-61).

134

Ernest NJ et al. Relative contribution of chloride channels and transporters to regulatory volume decrease in human glioma cells.
Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol., 2005 Jun , 288 (C1451-60).

135

Scheel O et al. Voltage-dependent electrogenic chloride/proton exchange by endosomal CLC proteins.
Nature, 2005 Jul 21 , 436 (424-7).

136

Picollo A et al. Chloride/proton antiporter activity of mammalian CLC proteins ClC-4 and ClC-5.
Nature, 2005 Jul 21 , 436 (420-3).

137

Ludwig M et al. Functional evaluation of Dent's disease-causing mutations: implications for ClC-5 channel trafficking and internalization.
Hum. Genet., 2005 Jul , 117 (228-37).

138

Besbas N et al. CLCN5 mutation (R347X) associated with hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis in a Turkish child: an unusual presentation of Dent's disease.
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 2005 Jul , 20 (1476-9).

139

Mummery JL et al. Expression of the chloride channel CLC-K in human airway epithelial cells.
Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 2005 Dec , 83 (1123-8).

140

Cebotaru V et al. High citrate diet delays progression of renal insufficiency in the ClC-5 knockout mouse model of Dent's disease.
Kidney Int., 2005 Aug , 68 (642-52).

141

Hara-Chikuma M et al. Impaired acidification in early endosomes of ClC-5 deficient proximal tubule.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2005 Apr 15 , 329 (941-6).

142

Cheong HI et al. Phenotype and genotype of Dent's disease in three Korean boys.
Pediatr. Nephrol., 2005 Apr , 20 (455-9).

143

Devuyst O et al. Chloride channels and endocytosis: new insights from Dent's disease and ClC-5 knockout mice.
Nephron Physiol, 2005 , 99 (p69-73).

144

Claverie-Martín F et al. The Alu insertion in the CLCN5 gene of a patient with Dent's disease leads to exon 11 skipping.
J. Hum. Genet., 2005 , 50 (370-4).

145

Tanaka K et al. Reduced renal ClC-5 Cl- channel expression in spontaneously hypertensive rats with microalbuminuria.
Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2004 Oct 6 , 501 (185-9).

146

Yanagida H et al. A boy with Japanese Dent's disease exhibiting abnormal calcium metabolism and osseous disorder of the spine: defective megalin expression at the brushborder of renal proximal tubules.
Clin. Nephrol., 2004 Oct , 62 (306-12).

147

Pham PC et al. Hypertonicity increases CLC-5 expression in mouse medullary thick ascending limb cells.
Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2004 Oct , 287 (F747-52).

148

Mo L et al. ClC-5 chloride channel alters expression of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC).
J. Membr. Biol., 2004 Nov , 202 (21-37).

149

Brakemeier S et al. Dent's disease: identification of a novel mutation in the renal chloride channel CLCN5.
Clin. Nephrol., 2004 Nov , 62 (387-90).

150

Sayer JA et al. Calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate crystal handling is dependent upon CLC-5 expression in mouse collecting duct cells.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2004 May 24 , 1689 (83-90).

151

Hoopes RR et al. Evidence for genetic heterogeneity in Dent's disease.
Kidney Int., 2004 May , 65 (1615-20).

152

Parkerson KA et al. Biophysical and pharmacological characterization of hypotonically activated chloride currents in cortical astrocytes.
Glia, 2004 May , 46 (419-36).

153

Santo Y et al. Examination of megalin in renal tubular epithelium from patients with Dent disease.
Pediatr. Nephrol., 2004 Jun , 19 (612-5).

154

Helip-Wooley A et al. Sucrose-induced vacuolation results in increased expression of cholesterol biosynthesis and lysosomal genes.
Exp. Cell Res., 2004 Jan 1 , 292 (89-100).

155

Knohl SJ et al. Inherited hypercalciuric syndromes: Dent's disease (CLC-5) and familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria (paracellin-1).
Semin. Nephrol., 2004 Jan , 24 (55-60).

156

Jouret F et al. Comparative ontogeny, processing, and segmental distribution of the renal chloride channel, ClC-5.
Kidney Int., 2004 Jan , 65 (198-208).

157

Mo L et al. Coexpression of complementary fragments of ClC-5 and restoration of chloride channel function in a Dent's disease mutation.
Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol., 2004 Jan , 286 (C79-89).

158

Srinivas SP et al. Cell volume response to hyposmotic shock and elevated cAMP in bovine trabecular meshwork cells.
Exp. Eye Res., 2004 Jan , 78 (15-26).

159

Jeck N et al. A common sequence variation of the CLCNKB gene strongly activates ClC-Kb chloride channel activity.
Kidney Int., 2004 Jan , 65 (190-7).

160

Hryciw DH et al. Nedd4-2 functionally interacts with ClC-5: involvement in constitutive albumin endocytosis in proximal tubule cells.
J. Biol. Chem., 2004 Dec 31 , 279 (54996-5007).

161

Davies N et al. Chloride channel gene expression in the rabbit cornea.
Mol. Vis., 2004 Dec 30 , 10 (1028-37).

162

Reyes JP et al. Novel outwardly rectifying anion conductance in Xenopus oocytes.
Pflugers Arch., 2004 Dec , 449 (271-7).

163

Jiang B et al. Expression and roles of Cl- channel ClC-5 in cell cycles of myeloid cells.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2004 Apr 23 , 317 (192-7).

164

Matsuyama T et al. Molecular and clinical studies of Dent's disease in Japan: biochemical examination and renal ultrasonography do not predict carrier state.
Clin. Nephrol., 2004 Apr , 61 (231-7).

165

Langman CB The molecular basis of kidney stones.
Curr. Opin. Pediatr., 2004 Apr , 16 (188-93).

166

Forino M et al. Identification of a novel splice site mutation of CLCN5 gene and characterization of a new alternative 5' UTR end of ClC-5 mRNA in human renal tissue and leukocytes.
J. Hum. Genet., 2004 , 49 (53-60).

167

Thakker R Dent's disease--a nephrolithiasis disorder associated with defective receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Bull. Mem. Acad. R. Med. Belg., 2004 , 159 (199-211).

168

Devuyst O Chloride channels and endocytosis: new insights from Dent's disease and CLC-5 knockout mice.
Bull. Mem. Acad. R. Med. Belg., 2004 , 159 (212-7).

169

Tosetto E et al. [Dent's disease: hereditary nephrolithiasis related to defective tubular endocytosis processes]
, 2003 Nov-Dec , 20 (578-88).

170

Carr G et al. A role for CBS domain 2 in trafficking of chloride channel CLC-5.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2003 Oct 17 , 310 (600-5).

171

Hryciw DH et al. Cofilin interacts with ClC-5 and regulates albumin uptake in proximal tubule cell lines.
J. Biol. Chem., 2003 Oct 10 , 278 (40169-76).

172

Duffy SM et al. Inhibition of human mast cell proliferation and survival by tamoxifen in association with ion channel modulation.
J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2003 Nov , 112 (965-72).

173

Claverie-Martín F et al. De novo insertion of an Alu sequence in the coding region of the CLCN5 gene results in Dent's disease.
Hum. Genet., 2003 Nov , 113 (480-5).

174

Furukawa T [Various functions of ClC-type Cl- channels]
Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi, 2003 Nov , 122 (375-83).

175

Flores SY et al. The role of Nedd4/Nedd4-like dependant ubiquitylation in epithelial transport processes.
Pflugers Arch., 2003 Jun , 446 (334-8).

176

Christensen EI et al. Loss of chloride channel ClC-5 impairs endocytosis by defective trafficking of megalin and cubilin in kidney proximal tubules.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2003 Jul 8 , 100 (8472-7).

177

Olsen ML et al. Expression of voltage-gated chloride channels in human glioma cells.
J. Neurosci., 2003 Jul 2 , 23 (5572-82).

178

Sayer JA et al. Disordered calcium crystal handling in antisense CLC-5-treated collecting duct cells.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2003 Jan 10 , 300 (305-10).

179

Isnard-Bagnis C et al. Detection of ClC-3 and ClC-5 in epididymal epithelium: immunofluorescence and RT-PCR after LCM.
Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol., 2003 Jan , 284 (C220-32).

180

Günther W et al. The ClC-5 chloride channel knock-out mouse - an animal model for Dent's disease.
Pflugers Arch., 2003 Jan , 445 (456-62).

181

Mohammad-Panah R et al. The chloride channel ClC-4 contributes to endosomal acidification and trafficking.
J. Biol. Chem., 2003 Aug 1 , 278 (29267-77).

182

Fong P et al. Characterization of vectorial chloride transport pathways in the human pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma cell line HPAF.
Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol., 2003 Aug , 285 (C433-45).

183

Hebeisen S et al. Anion permeation in human ClC-4 channels.
Biophys. J., 2003 Apr , 84 (2306-18).

184

Carballo-Trujillo I et al. Novel truncating mutations in the ClC-5 chloride channel gene in patients with Dent's disease.
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 2003 Apr , 18 (717-23).

185

Wu F et al. Modeling study of human renal chloride channel (hCLC-5) mutations suggests a structural-functional relationship.
Kidney Int., 2003 Apr , 63 (1426-32).

186

Moulin P et al. Altered polarity and expression of H+-ATPase without ultrastructural changes in kidneys of Dent's disease patients.
Kidney Int., 2003 Apr , 63 (1285-95).

187

Silva IV et al. The ClC-5 knockout mouse model of Dent's disease has renal hypercalciuria and increased bone turnover.
J. Bone Miner. Res., 2003 Apr , 18 (615-23).

188

Ludwig M et al. Four additional CLCN5 exons encode a widely expressed novel long CLC-5 isoform but fail to explain Dent's phenotype in patients without mutations in the short variant.
Kidney Blood Press. Res., 2003 , 26 (176-84).

189

Weng TX et al. Oxidant and antioxidant modulation of chloride channels expressed in human retinal pigment epithelium.
Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol., 2002 Sep , 283 (C839-49).

190

Schmieder S et al. Cloning and characterisation of amphibian ClC-3 and ClC-5 chloride channels.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2002 Nov 13 , 1566 (55-66).

191

Edmonds RD et al. ClC-5: ontogeny of an alternative chloride channel in respiratory epithelia.
Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol., 2002 Mar , 282 (L501-7).

192

Jiang B et al. Expression of swelling- and/or pH-regulated chloride channels (ClC-2, 3, 4 and 5) in human leukemic and normal immune cells.
Life Sci., 2002 Feb 8 , 70 (1383-94).

193

Sayer JA et al. Urinary stone formation: Dent's disease moves understanding forward.
Exp. Nephrol., 2002 , 10 (176-81).

194

Li X et al. Chloride channels and hepatocellular function: prospects for molecular identification.
Annu. Rev. Physiol., 2002 , 64 (609-33).

195

Vandewalle A [Function of the CLC chloride channels and their implication in human pathology]
, 2002 , 23 (113-8).

196

Dołowy K et al. [Role and function of voltage-gated chloride channels of the CIC family and their defects leading to genetic diseases]
, 2002 , 56 (307-13).

197

Sayer JA et al. The voltage-dependent Cl(-) channel ClC-5 and plasma membrane Cl(-) conductances of mouse renal collecting duct cells (mIMCD-3).
J. Physiol. (Lond.), 2001 Nov 1 , 536 (769-83).

198

Weylandt KH et al. Human ClC-3 is not the swelling-activated chloride channel involved in cell volume regulation.
J. Biol. Chem., 2001 May 18 , 276 (17461-7).

199

Yu AS Role of ClC-5 in the pathogenesis of hypercalciuria: recent insights from transgenic mouse models.
Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens., 2001 May , 10 (415-20).

200

Sasaki Y et al. Expression of chloride channel, ClC-5, and its role in receptor-mediated endocytosis of albumin in OK cells.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2001 Mar 23 , 282 (212-8).

201

Silva IV et al. ClC-5 chloride channel and kidney stones: what is the link?
Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 2001 Mar , 34 (315-23).

202

Cornejo I et al. Cloning, cellular distribution and functional expression of small intestinal epithelium guinea pig ClC-5 chloride channel.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2001 Jun 6 , 1512 (367-74).

203

Weng TX et al. Expression and regulation of ClC-5 chloride channels: effects of antisense and oxidants.
Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol., 2001 Jun , 280 (C1511-20).

204

Sun XC et al. Studies on the expression of mRNA for anion transport related proteins in corneal endothelial cells.
Curr. Eye Res., 2001 Jan , 22 (1-7).

205

Takemura T et al. Identification of two novel mutations in the CLCN5 gene in Japanese patients with familial idiopathic low molecular weight proteinuria (Japanese Dent's disease).
Am. J. Kidney Dis., 2001 Jan , 37 (138-143).

206

Morimoto T et al. A new approach to mRNA in proximal tubule cells of patients with CLCN5 channelopathy.
Pediatr. Nephrol., 2001 Feb , 16 (110-2).

207

Obermüller N et al. An endocytosis defect as a possible cause of proteinuria in polycystic kidney disease.
Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2001 Feb , 280 (F244-53).

208

Vandewalle A et al. Tissue distribution and subcellular localization of the ClC-5 chloride channel in rat intestinal cells.
Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol., 2001 Feb , 280 (C373-81).

209

Schmieder S et al. Tissue-specific N-glycosylation of the ClC-3 chloride channel.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2001 Aug 24 , 286 (635-40).

210

Duffy SM et al. Voltage-dependent and calcium-activated ion channels in the human mast cell line HMC-1.
J. Leukoc. Biol., 2001 Aug , 70 (233-40).

211

Schwake M et al. An internalization signal in ClC-5, an endosomal Cl-channel mutated in dent's disease.
J. Biol. Chem., 2001 Apr 13 , 276 (12049-54).

212

Scherer CR et al. Gene expression profiles of CLC chloride channels in animal models with different cardiovascular diseases.
Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 2001 , 11 (321-30).

213

Thakker RV Molecular pathology of renal chloride channels in Dent's disease and Bartter's syndrome.
Exp. Nephrol., 2000 Nov-Dec , 8 (351-60).

214

Pusch M et al. Pharmacological characterization of chloride channels belonging to the ClC family by the use of chiral clofibric acid derivatives.
Mol. Pharmacol., 2000 Sep , 58 (498-507).

215

Li X et al. Biophysical properties of ClC-3 differentiate it from swelling-activated chloride channels in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells.
J. Biol. Chem., 2000 Nov 17 , 275 (35994-8).

216

Piwon N et al. ClC-5 Cl- -channel disruption impairs endocytosis in a mouse model for Dent's disease.
Nature, 2000 Nov 16 , 408 (369-73).

217

Uchida S In vivo role of CLC chloride channels in the kidney.
Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2000 Nov , 279 (F802-8).

218

Thakker RV Pathogenesis of Dent's disease and related syndromes of X-linked nephrolithiasis.
Kidney Int., 2000 Mar , 57 (787-93).

219

Scheinman SJ et al. Isolated hypercalciuria with mutation in CLCN5: relevance to idiopathic hypercalciuria.
Kidney Int., 2000 Jan , 57 (232-9).

220

Norden AG et al. Tubular proteinuria defined by a study of Dent's (CLCN5 mutation) and other tubular diseases.
Kidney Int., 2000 Jan , 57 (240-9).

221

Silva IV et al. PTH regulates expression of ClC-5 chloride channel in the kidney.
Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2000 Feb , 278 (F238-45).

222

Hayama A et al. Isolation and characterization of the human CLC-5 chloride channel gene promoter.
Gene, 2000 Dec 31 , 261 (355-64).

223

Wang SS et al. Mice lacking renal chloride channel, CLC-5, are a model for Dent's disease, a nephrolithiasis disorder associated with defective receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Hum. Mol. Genet., 2000 Dec 12 , 9 (2937-45).

224

Wills NK et al. Chloride channel expression in cultured human fetal RPE cells: response to oxidative stress.
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2000 Dec , 41 (4247-55).

225

Kawasaki E et al. mRNA expression of kidney-specific ClC-K1 chloride channel in single-cell reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of outer hair cells of rat cochlea.
Neurosci. Lett., 2000 Aug 18 , 290 (76-8).

226

Schwingshackl A et al. Involvement of ion channels in human eosinophil respiratory burst.
J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2000 Aug , 106 (272-9).

227

Igarashi T et al. Clinical and genetic studies of CLCN5 mutations in Japanese families with Dent's disease.
Kidney Int., 2000 Aug , 58 (520-7).

228

Yamamoto K et al. Characterization of renal chloride channel (CLCN5) mutations in Dent's disease.
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2000 Aug , 11 (1460-8).

229

Cox JP et al. Renal chloride channel, CLCN5, mutations in Dent's disease.
J. Bone Miner. Res., 1999 Sep , 14 (1536-42).

230

Bosio M et al. A familial syndrome due to Arg648Stop mutation in the X-linked renal chloride channel gene.
Pediatr. Nephrol., 1999 May , 13 (278-83).

231

Lamb FS et al. Expression of CLCN voltage-gated chloride channel genes in human blood vessels.
J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 1999 Mar , 31 (657-66).

232

Tanaka K et al. Characterization of novel promoter and enhancer elements of the mouse homologue of the Dent disease gene, CLCN5, implicated in X-linked hereditary nephrolithiasis.
Genomics, 1999 Jun 15 , 58 (281-92).

233

Friedrich T et al. Mutational analysis demonstrates that ClC-4 and ClC-5 directly mediate plasma membrane currents.
J. Biol. Chem., 1999 Jan 8 , 274 (896-902).

234

Nakazato H et al. Chloride channel CLCN5 mutations in Japanese children with familial idiopathic low molecular weight proteinuria.
Kidney Int., 1999 Jan , 55 (63-70).

235

Miyazaki H et al. Molecular cloning of CLC chloride channels in Oreochromis mossambicus and their functional complementation of yeast CLC gene mutant.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1999 Feb 5 , 255 (175-81).

236

Devuyst O et al. Intra-renal and subcellular distribution of the human chloride channel, CLC-5, reveals a pathophysiological basis for Dent's disease.
Hum. Mol. Genet., 1999 Feb , 8 (247-57).

237

Sakamoto H et al. Cellular and subcellular immunolocalization of ClC-5 channel in mouse kidney: colocalization with H+-ATPase.
Am. J. Physiol., 1999 Dec , 277 (F957-65).

238

Mo L et al. Comparison of amphibian and human ClC-5: similarity of functional properties and inhibition by external pH.
J. Membr. Biol., 1999 Apr 1 , 168 (253-64).

239

von Weikersthal SF et al. Functional and molecular characterization of a volume-sensitive chloride current in rat brain endothelial cells.
J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1999 Apr 1 , 516 ( Pt 1) (75-84).

240

Hagos Y et al. Chloride conductance in HT29 cells: investigations with apical membrane vesicles and RT-PCR.
Pflugers Arch., 1999 Apr , 437 (724-30).

241

Thakker RV Chloride channels in renal disease.
Adv. Nephrol. Necker Hosp., 1999 , 29 (289-98).

242

Schmieder S et al. Characterization of the putative chloride channel xClC-5 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and comparison with endogenous chloride currents.
J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1998 Sep 1 , 511 ( Pt 2) (379-93).

243

Hoopes RR et al. CLCN5 chloride-channel mutations in six new North American families with X-linked nephrolithiasis.
Kidney Int., 1998 Sep , 54 (698-705).

244

Morimoto T et al. Mutations in CLCN5 chloride channel in Japanese patients with low molecular weight proteinuria.
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 1998 May , 9 (811-8).

245

Günther W et al. ClC-5, the chloride channel mutated in Dent's disease, colocalizes with the proton pump in endocytotically active kidney cells.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1998 Jul 7 , 95 (8075-80).

246

George AL Chloride channels and endocytosis: ClC-5 makes a dent.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1998 Jul 7 , 95 (7843-5).

247

Thakker RV The role of renal chloride channel mutations in kidney stone disease and nephrocalcinosis.
Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens., 1998 Jul , 7 (385-8).

248

Kelleher CL et al. CLCN5 mutation Ser244Leu is associated with X-linked renal failure without X-linked recessive hypophosphatemic rickets.
Kidney Int., 1998 Jan , 53 (31-7).

249

Kumar R CLC-5 chloride channels and renal disease.
Kidney Int., 1998 Jan , 53 (228-9).

250

Obermüller N et al. The swelling-activated chloride channel ClC-2, the chloride channel ClC-3, and ClC-5, a chloride channel mutated in kidney stone disease, are expressed in distinct subpopulations of renal epithelial cells.
J. Clin. Invest., 1998 Feb 1 , 101 (635-42).

251

Igarashi T et al. Functional characterization of renal chloride channel, CLCN5, mutations associated with Dent'sJapan disease.
Kidney Int., 1998 Dec , 54 (1850-6).

252

Eggermont J The exon-intron architecture of human chloride channel genes is not conserved.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1998 Apr 29 , 1397 (156-60).

253

Lindenthal S et al. Cloning and functional expression of a ClC Cl- channel from the renal cell line A6.
Am. J. Physiol., 1997 Oct , 273 (C1176-85).

254

Akuta N et al. Mutations of CLCN5 in Japanese children with idiopathic low molecular weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis.
Kidney Int., 1997 Oct , 52 (911-6).

255

Nakazato H et al. Mutations in the CLCN5 gene in Japanese patients with familial idiopathic low-molecular-weight proteinuria.
Kidney Int., 1997 Oct , 52 (895-900).

256

Lloyd SE et al. Idiopathic low molecular weight proteinuria associated with hypercalciuric nephrocalcinosis in Japanese children is due to mutations of the renal chloride channel (CLCN5).
J. Clin. Invest., 1997 Mar 1 , 99 (967-74).

257

Oudet C et al. A second family with XLRH displays the mutation S244L in the CLCN5 gene.
Hum. Genet., 1997 Jun , 99 (781-4).

258

Lloyd SE et al. Characterisation of renal chloride channel, CLCN5, mutations in hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) disorders.
Hum. Mol. Genet., 1997 Aug , 6 (1233-9).

259

Lloyd SE et al. A common molecular basis for three inherited kidney stone diseases.
Nature, 1996 Feb 1 , 379 (445-9).

260

Sakamoto H et al. Identification of a new outwardly rectifying Cl- channel that belongs to a subfamily of the ClC Cl- channels.
J. Biol. Chem., 1996 Apr 26 , 271 (10210-6).

261

Fisher SE et al. Cloning and characterization of CLCN5, the human kidney chloride channel gene implicated in Dent disease (an X-linked hereditary nephrolithiasis).
Genomics, 1995 Oct 10 , 29 (598-606).

262

Steinmeyer K et al. Cloning and functional expression of rat CLC-5, a chloride channel related to kidney disease.
J. Biol. Chem., 1995 Dec 29 , 270 (31172-7).