Kv6.4
Description: potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily G, member 4 Gene: Kcng4 Alias: Kv6.4, kcng4
Kv6.4 (also known as KV6.4; MGC4558; MGC129609), encoded by the gene KCNG4, is a member is a gamma subunit of the voltage-gated potassium channel, subfamily G. Kv6.4is electrically silent as it is not capable of forming function homotetrameric channels. It can heterotetramerize with Kv2.1 α-subunits to form functional Kv2.1/Kv6.4 channel complexes and is predominantly found in the brain NCBI
Experimental data
Rat Kv6.4 gene in CHO host cells datasheet |
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Click for details 15 °Cshow 54 cells |
Click for details 25 °Cshow 42 cells |
Click for details 35 °Cshow 58 cells |
Mouse Kv6.4 gene in CHO host cells datasheet |
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Click for details 25 °Cshow 32 cells |
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Human Kv6.4 gene in CHO host cells datasheet |
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Click for details 25 °Cshow 32 cells |
Gene
Transcript
Species | NCBI accession | Length (nt) | |
---|---|---|---|
Human | NM_172347.3 | 5503 | |
Mouse | NM_025734.2 | 3822 | |
Rat | NM_001107435.1 | 4083 |
Protein Isoforms
Isoforms
Post-Translational Modifications
Visual Representation of Kv6.4 Structure
Methodology for visual representation of structure available here
Eight different voltage-gated K+ (Kv)3 Shaker-related channel subfamilies (Kv1–Kv6 and Kv8–Kv9) have been identified based on the degree of sequence homology [606]. Fully assembled Kv channels are composed of four α-subunits arranged around a central pore. Each α-subunit consists of six transmembrane segments S1–S6 with a cytoplasmic N and C terminus. The N terminus contains the T1 domain, a tetramerization domain that facilitates the assembly of α-subunits into functional channels. The presence of a T1 domain is not absolutely required for channel assembly because subunits without a T1 domain could also assemble into a functional tetramer, although less efficiently [677], [678], [679]. However, the T1 domain not only promotes but also restricts the formation of possible homo- and heterotetramers by preventing incompatible subunits from assembling [680], [660]. When four compatible T1 domains assemble, they are arranged with the same 4-fold symmetry as the transmembrane segments, forming a hanging gondola structure [681].
Kv6.4 predicted AlphaFold size
Methodology for AlphaFold size prediction and disclaimer are available here
Human Kv6.4 Kinetics with Rat Kv2.1 in HEK293 Cells
Kv6.4 exerts several changes in the biophysical properties of Kv2.1 in Kv2.1/Kv6.4 channel complexes: a decrease in the current density [14] and a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage-dependence of inactivation by ~40 mV, but without any significant effects on voltage-dependence of channel activation [15]. Here we show the modulating effects of Kv6.4 on Kv2.1 gating properties by analyzing the voltage-dependence of VSD movements in Kv2.1 and Kv2.1/Kv6.4 channels from IQ recordings. Our results suggest that Kv6.4 subunits display an intrinsic voltage-dependency with an operational VSD in heterotetrameric Kv2.1/Kv6.4 channels, by virtue of which it specifically influences the voltage-dependent inactivation properties of Kv2.1 [1838]
Kv6.4 with Kv2.1 in HEK293 Cells
Human Kv constructs were cloned in the mammalian vector peGFP-N1 (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA, USA). The Kv6.4 construct in which the C-terminus was exchanged for that of Kv3.1 as well as the N- and C-terminal segment constructs were constructed by PCR amplification using the QuickChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis kit (Stratagene La Jolla, CA, USA) and mutant primers. The main biophysical effect of WT Kv6.4 in a functional Kv2.1/Kv6.4 heterotetrameric channel is the approximately 40 mV hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of inactivation compared to Kv2.1 homotetramers. Indeed, the midpoint of inactivation for homotetrameric Kv2.1 currents was −23 mV which was shifted to −59 mV in heterotetrameric Kv2.1/Kv6.4 channels [1841]
Markov Model for Kv2.1/Kv6.4 Channel Gating
For convenience we used a simplified gating model (A) with a single transition between closed (C) and activated (A) state for each subunit, followed by the concerted step into the open (O) state (after all four subunits have reached the A-state). The equivalent Markov state-model (B) was built such that it could simulate both the heterotetrameric Kv2.1/Kv6.4 channel configuration with a 3[ratio]1 stoichiometry, as well as the homotetrameric Kv2.1 channel. To represent the heterotetrameric stoichiometry the closed and activated state of the Kv6.4 subunit are indicated with asterisks (C and A, respectively) [1838]
Domains Required for Kv6.4 Function
It has been demonstrated that Kv2.1 chimeras containing either S1 or S5 from Kv6.4 were functional, wheras a chimeric Kv2.1 subunit containing both the Kv6.4 S1 and S5 segments did not form functional channels. However, back mutation of some residues in this S1/S5 chimera restored functionality, and it was shown that interactions between S1, S4, and S5 are important for the functionality of WT Kv2.1 (4). It is possible that the inability to form electrically functional channels in homotetrameric configuration is due to the lack of such S1/S4/S5 interactions, at least in the case of Kv6.4 [1840]
His-105 in the T1 domain of Kv2.1 is required for functional heteromerization with members of the Kv6 subfamily, such as Kv6.4. [664]
Migraine
Several genes encoding potassium channels, including KCNK18, KCNG4, and KCNAB3, were identified as potentially linked to migraine [1839]
Aspartates in the T1 domain are required for efficient assembly of both homotetrameric Kv2.1 and heterotetrameric Kv2.1/silent Kv6.4 channels. [677]
References
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Structural determinant for assembly of mammalian K+ channels.
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Hanging gondola structure of the T1 domain in a voltage-gated K(+) channel.
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Bocksteins E
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The electrically silent Kv6.4 subunit confers hyperpolarized gating charge movement in Kv2.1/Kv6.4 heterotetrameric channels.
PLoS ONE,
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Identification of novel genes involved in migraine.
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Electrically silent Kv subunits: their molecular and functional characteristics.
Physiology (Bethesda),
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Bocksteins E
et al.
The subfamily-specific interaction between Kv2.1 and Kv6.4 subunits is determined by interactions between the N- and C-termini.
PLoS ONE,
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, 9 (e98960).
Contributors: Katherine Johnston
To cite this page: [Contributors] Channelpedia https://channelpedia.epfl.ch/wikipages/22/ , accessed on 2024 Dec 02