Channelpedia

Cav1.3

Description: calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit
Gene: Cacna1d
Alias: cacna1d, cav1.3, ca1.3

Edit - History

Introduction

Cav1.3 is an L type, high voltage activated (HVA) calcium channel found in the certain neuronal dendrites. It is also known as a1E. Its role in hair cells has been studied [228], [229].

Four L-type voltage gated Ca channels (LTCC) isoforms evolved (termed Cav1.1, Cav1.2, Cav1.3, and Cav1.4). All of them are characterized by high sensitivity to dihydropyridine (DHP) Ca2+ channel modulators, although differences in their voltage-dependence of DHP block exist [511]. This unique DHP sensitivity distinguishes them from other voltage-gated Ca2+ channel types (non-LTCCs). LTCC isoforms differ considerably with respect to their gating properties and tissue expression [511]. The gating differences are intrinsic properties of their pore-forming alpha-1 subunits which assemble with accessory alpha-2-delta and beta-subunits (and in some tissues also a gamma-subunit) to form a functional channel complex [511].


Edit

Gene

Species NCBI gene ID Chromosome Position
Human 776 3 319122
Mouse 12289 14 451215
Rat 29716 16 294006

Edit

Transcript

Species NCBI accession Length (nt)
Human NM_000720.4 9429
Mouse NM_028981.3 8701
Rat NM_001389225.1 9071

Edit

Protein Isoforms

Species Uniprot ID Length (aa)
Human Q01668 2161
Mouse Q99246 2179
Rat P27732 2203

Isoforms

Transcript
Length (nt)
Protein
Length (aa)
Variant
Isoform

Edit

Post-Translational Modifications

PTM
Position
Type

Edit - History

Kinetics

Cav1.3 have a hyperpolarized activation curve and fast (submillisecond) activation rise times. [506]


Edit - History

Expression and Distribution

Cav1.3 can be found in auditory sensory hair cells, [505], neuronal cells and some epithelial cells [228]. In particular in the chick auditory papilla [507], frog saccule [508], trout saccule and mammalian cochlea [509], [510], [506].

Only L-type channels are present in turtle auditory hair cells. [228]


Edit - History

CNS Sub-cellular Distribution

Calcium channels are clustered at synaptic release sites.[505]


Edit - History

Function

Calcium channels are fundamental to signal processing in auditory sensory hair cells [511], regulating both the membrane excitability and neurotransmitter release [505].


Edit - History

Interaction

Dihydropyridine

All L-type voltage gated Ca channels are characterized by high sensitivity to dihydropyridine (DHP) Ca2+ channel modulators, although differences in their voltage-dependence of DHP block exist [511].

L-type Dihydropyridine Antagonists

Cav1.3 is insensitive to the L-type dihydropyridine antagonists. [506]

Nifedipine and Bay K 8644

Nifedipine and Bay K 8644, respectively, block Cav1.3 channels. [230]


References

229

Biophysical properties of CaV1.3 calcium channels in gerbil inner hair cells.
J. Physiol. (Lond.), 2008 Feb 15 , 586 (1029-42).

230

Michna M et al. Cav1.3 (alpha1D) Ca2+ currents in neonatal outer hair cells of mice.
J. Physiol. (Lond.), 2003 Dec 15 , 553 (747-58).

498

506

Koschak A et al. alpha 1D (Cav1.3) subunits can form l-type Ca2+ channels activating at negative voltages.
J. Biol. Chem., 2001 Jun 22 , 276 (22100-6).

507

Kollmar R et al. Predominance of the alpha1D subunit in L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels of hair cells in the chicken's cochlea.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1997 Dec 23 , 94 (14883-8).

508

Rodriguez-Contreras A et al. Direct measurement of single-channel Ca(2+) currents in bullfrog hair cells reveals two distinct channel subtypes.
J. Physiol. (Lond.), 2001 Aug 1 , 534 (669-89).

511

Striessnig J et al. L-type Ca2+ channels in Ca2+ channelopathies.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2004 Oct 1 , 322 (1341-6).


Edit - History

Credits

Contributors: Rajnish Ranjan, Michael Schartner

To cite this page: [Contributors] Channelpedia https://channelpedia.epfl.ch/wikipages/81/ , accessed on [date]



Add section