Cav1.3
Description: calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit Gene: Cacna1d Alias: cacna1d, cav1.3, ca1.3
Cav1.3 is an L type, high voltage activated (HVA) calcium channel found in the certain neuronal dendrites. It is also known as a1E. Its role in hair cells has been studied [228], [229].
Four L-type voltage gated Ca channels (LTCC) isoforms evolved (termed Cav1.1, Cav1.2, Cav1.3, and Cav1.4). All of them are characterized by high sensitivity to dihydropyridine (DHP) Ca2+ channel modulators, although differences in their voltage-dependence of DHP block exist [511]. This unique DHP sensitivity distinguishes them from other voltage-gated Ca2+ channel types (non-LTCCs). LTCC isoforms differ considerably with respect to their gating properties and tissue expression [511]. The gating differences are intrinsic properties of their pore-forming alpha-1 subunits which assemble with accessory alpha-2-delta and beta-subunits (and in some tissues also a gamma-subunit) to form a functional channel complex [511].
Gene
Transcript
| Species | NCBI accession | Length (nt) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human | NM_000720.4 | 9429 | |
| Mouse | NM_028981.3 | 8701 | |
| Rat | NM_001389225.1 | 9071 |
Protein Isoforms
Isoforms
Post-Translational Modifications
Cav1.3 have a hyperpolarized activation curve and fast (submillisecond) activation rise times. [506]
Cav1.3 can be found in auditory sensory hair cells, [505], neuronal cells and some epithelial cells [228]. In particular in the chick auditory papilla [507], frog saccule [508], trout saccule and mammalian cochlea [509], [510], [506].
Only L-type channels are present in turtle auditory hair cells. [228]
Calcium channels are clustered at synaptic release sites.[505]
Calcium channels are fundamental to signal processing in auditory sensory hair cells [511], regulating both the membrane excitability and neurotransmitter release [505].
Dihydropyridine
All L-type voltage gated Ca channels are characterized by high sensitivity to dihydropyridine (DHP) Ca2+ channel modulators, although differences in their voltage-dependence of DHP block exist [511].
L-type Dihydropyridine Antagonists
Cav1.3 is insensitive to the L-type dihydropyridine antagonists. [506]
Nifedipine and Bay K 8644
Nifedipine and Bay K 8644, respectively, block Cav1.3 channels. [230]
References
Schnee ME
et al.
Biophysical and pharmacological characterization of voltage-gated calcium currents in turtle auditory hair cells.
J. Physiol. (Lond.),
2003
Jun
15
, 549 (697-717).
Biophysical properties of CaV1.3 calcium channels in gerbil inner hair cells.
J. Physiol. (Lond.), 2008 Feb 15 , 586 (1029-42).
Michna M
et al.
Cav1.3 (alpha1D) Ca2+ currents in neonatal outer hair cells of mice.
J. Physiol. (Lond.),
2003
Dec
15
, 553 (747-58).
Catterall WA
et al.
International Union of Pharmacology. XL. Compendium of voltage-gated ion channels: calcium channels.
Pharmacol. Rev.,
2003
Dec
, 55 (579-81).
Roberts WM
et al.
Colocalization of ion channels involved in frequency selectivity and synaptic transmission at presynaptic active zones of hair cells.
J. Neurosci.,
1990
Nov
, 10 (3664-84).
Koschak A
et al.
alpha 1D (Cav1.3) subunits can form l-type Ca2+ channels activating at negative voltages.
J. Biol. Chem.,
2001
Jun
22
, 276 (22100-6).
Kollmar R
et al.
Predominance of the alpha1D subunit in L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels of hair cells in the chicken's cochlea.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.,
1997
Dec
23
, 94 (14883-8).
Rodriguez-Contreras A
et al.
Direct measurement of single-channel Ca(2+) currents in bullfrog hair cells reveals two distinct channel subtypes.
J. Physiol. (Lond.),
2001
Aug
1
, 534 (669-89).
Zhang SY
et al.
Role of L-type Ca(2+) channels in transmitter release from mammalian inner hair cells I. Gross sound-evoked potentials.
J. Neurophysiol.,
1999
Dec
, 82 (3307-15).
Platzer J
et al.
Congenital deafness and sinoatrial node dysfunction in mice lacking class D L-type Ca2+ channels.
Cell,
2000
Jul
7
, 102 (89-97).
Striessnig J
et al.
L-type Ca2+ channels in Ca2+ channelopathies.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.,
2004
Oct
1
, 322 (1341-6).
Contributors: Rajnish Ranjan, Michael Schartner
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