Referenced in: none

Automatically associated channels: Kir2.3

Title: Neuroimaging insights into the role of cortical GABA systems and the influence of nicotine on the recovery from alcohol dependence.

Authors: Kelly P Cosgrove, Irina Esterlis, Graeme F Mason, Frederic Bois, Stephanie S O'Malley, John H Krystal

Journal, date & volume: Neuropharmacology, 2011 Jun , 60, 1318-25

PubMed link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21276806

Abstract
This paper reviews evidence suggesting that nicotine and tobacco smoke profoundly modulate the effects of alcohol on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neuronal function, specifically at the GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor (GABA(A)-BZR). The focus of this paper is on recent neuroimaging evidence in preclinical models as well as clinical experiments. First, we review findings implicating the role of alcohol at the GABA(A)-BZR and discuss the changes in GABA(A)-BZR availability during acute and prolonged alcohol withdrawal. Second, we discuss preclinical evidence that suggests nicotine affects GABA neuronal function indirectly by a primary action at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Third, we show how this evidence converges in studies that examine GABA levels and GABA(A)-BZRs in alcohol-dependent smokers and nonsmokers, suggesting that tobacco smoking attenuates the chemical changes that occur during alcohol withdrawal. Based on a comprehensive review of literature, we hypothesize that tobacco smoking minimizes the changes in GABA levels that typically occur during the acute cycles of drinking in alcohol-dependent individuals. Thus, during alcohol withdrawal, the continued tobacco smoking decreases the severity of the withdrawal-related changes in GABA chemistry. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Trends in neuropharmacology: in memory of Erminio Costa'.