Cav3.1
Description: calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1G subunit Gene: Cacna1g Synonyms: cacna1g, cav3.1, ca3.1, Ca(v)3.1
Cav3.1 is a T type calcium channel, also know as a1G. It is a low voltage activated (LVA) calcium channel found in neurons and cardiac tissue.
Calcium channels are multimeric proteins consisting of a pore forming alpha-1 subunit and some combination of auxiliary beta, alpha-2delta and gamma subunits [477]. Multiple genes and gene splice variants encode members of each subunit family. The exten- sive biophysical and pharmacological diversity of native calcium currents can be attributed to variation in their molecular identities [477].
Gene
Transcript
Acc No | Sequence | Length | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
NM_031601 | n/A | n/A | NCBI | |
NM_009783 | n/A | n/A | NCBI | |
NM_001112813 | n/A | n/A | NCBI | |
NM_001177888 | n/A | n/A | NCBI | |
NM_001177890 | n/A | n/A | NCBI | |
NM_198380 | n/A | n/A | NCBI | |
NM_198378 | n/A | n/A | NCBI | |
NM_018896 | n/A | n/A | NCBI | |
NM_198385 | n/A | n/A | NCBI | |
NM_198384 | n/A | n/A | NCBI | |
NM_198386 | n/A | n/A | NCBI | |
NM_198379 | n/A | n/A | NCBI | |
NM_198387 | n/A | n/A | NCBI | |
NM_198376 | n/A | n/A | NCBI | |
NM_198377 | n/A | n/A | NCBI | |
NM_198383 | n/A | n/A | NCBI | |
NM_198382 | n/A | n/A | NCBI | |
NM_198388 | n/A | n/A | NCBI | |
NM_198397 | n/A | n/A | NCBI | |
NM_198396 | n/A | n/A | NCBI |
Ontology
Accession | Name | Definition | Evidence | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GO:0048471 | perinuclear region of cytoplasm | Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. | IDA | |||||||
GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. | IDA | |||||||
GO:0016021 | integral to membrane | Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane. | IEA | |||||||
GO:0043025 | neuronal cell body | The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections such as axons and dendrites. | IDA | |||||||
GO:0030425 | dendrite | A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body. | IDA | |||||||
GO:0016020 | membrane | Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. | IDA |
Zn2+
Zn2+ influences human CaV 3.1, CaV 3.2 and CaV 3.3 channels. It causes for example a significant increase in CaV 3.3 current in action potential clamp experiments, while CaV 3.1 and CaV 3.2 currents are significantly reduced. [103]
Gamma Subunits
Gamma6 isoforms have a unique negative effect on Cav3.1 low voltage activated current density that is not seen with either gamma4 or gamma7. [104]
Protein
Structure
Distribution
Expression
Cav3.1 is expressed in rat cardiac myocytes and presumably contributes to the generation of the native cardiac low voltage activated calcium current [538].
Functional
T-type Ca2+ channels are involved in cardiac pacemaker activity [529], [530], neuronal firing activity [531], sleep [532], hormone secretion [533] and fertilization [534]. T-type Ca2+ channels are also implicated in the pathogenesis of epilepsy [535], pain [536] and cardiac hypertrophy [537].
Kinetics
T-type Ca2+ channels correspond to a subfamily of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels with specific hallmarks: low-voltage activation, transient inactivation kinetics and small unitary conductance [528].
Model
Model Cav3.1 (ID=41) Edit
Animal | CH | |
CellType | CHO | |
Age | 0 Days | |
Temperature | 0.0°C | |
Reversal | 30.0 mV | |
Ion | Ca + | |
Ligand ion | ||
Reference | [103] Achraf Traboulsie et. al; J. Physiol. (Lond.) 2007 Jan 1 | |
mpower | 1.0 | |
m Inf | 1 /(1+exp((v-(-42.921064))/-5.163208)) | |
m Tau | -0.855809 + (1.493527 * exp(-v/27.414182)) If v lt -10 | |
m Tau | 1.0 If v gteq -10 | |
hpower | 1.0 | |
h Inf | 1 /(1+exp((v-(-72.907420))/4.575763)) | |
h Tau | 9.987873 + (0.002883 * exp(-v/5.598574)) |
References
Traboulsie A
et al.
Subunit-specific modulation of T-type calcium channels by zinc.
J. Physiol. (Lond.),
2007
Jan
1
, 578 (159-71).
Hansen JP
et al.
Calcium channel gamma6 subunits are unique modulators of low voltage-activated (Cav3.1) calcium current.
J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol.,
2004
Dec
, 37 (1147-58).
Niwa N
et al.
Cav3.2 subunit underlies the functional T-type Ca2+ channel in murine hearts during the embryonic period.
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.,
2004
Jun
, 286 (H2257-63).
Lacinova L
et al.
Modulation of gating currents of the Ca(v)3.1 calcium channel by alpha 2 delta 2 and gamma 5 subunits.
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.,
2004
May
15
, 425 (207-13).
Emerick MC
et al.
Profiling the array of Ca(v)3.1 variants from the human T-type calcium channel gene CACNA1G: alternative structures, developmental expression, and biophysical variations.
Proteins,
2006
Aug
1
, 64 (320-42).
Kovacs K
et al.
Subcellular distribution of low-voltage activated T-type Ca2+ channel subunits (Ca(v)3.1 and Ca(v)3.3) in reticular thalamic neurons of the cat.
J. Neurosci. Res.,
2010
Feb
1
, 88 (448-60).
Perez-Reyes E
Molecular physiology of low-voltage-activated t-type calcium channels.
Physiol. Rev.,
2003
Jan
, 83 (117-61).
Hagiwara N
et al.
Contribution of two types of calcium currents to the pacemaker potentials of rabbit sino-atrial node cells.
J. Physiol. (Lond.),
1988
Jan
, 395 (233-53).
Mangoni ME
et al.
Bradycardia and slowing of the atrioventricular conduction in mice lacking CaV3.1/alpha1G T-type calcium channels.
Circ. Res.,
2006
Jun
9
, 98 (1422-30).
Huguenard JR
Low-threshold calcium currents in central nervous system neurons.
Annu. Rev. Physiol.,
1996
, 58 (329-48).
Anderson MP
et al.
Thalamic Cav3.1 T-type Ca2+ channel plays a crucial role in stabilizing sleep.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.,
2005
Feb
1
, 102 (1743-8).
Chen XL
et al.
A role for T-type Ca2+ channels in the synergistic control of aldosterone production by ANG II and K+.
Am. J. Physiol.,
1999
May
, 276 (F674-83).
Arnoult C
et al.
Activation of mouse sperm T-type Ca2+ channels by adhesion to the egg zona pellucida.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.,
1996
Nov
12
, 93 (13004-9).
Tsakiridou E
et al.
Selective increase in T-type calcium conductance of reticular thalamic neurons in a rat model of absence epilepsy.
J. Neurosci.,
1995
Apr
, 15 (3110-7).
Todorovic SM
et al.
Pharmacological properties of T-type Ca2+ current in adult rat sensory neurons: effects of anticonvulsant and anesthetic agents.
J. Neurophysiol.,
1998
Jan
, 79 (240-52).
Nuss HB
et al.
T-type Ca2+ current is expressed in hypertrophied adult feline left ventricular myocytes.
Circ. Res.,
1993
Oct
, 73 (777-82).
Catterall WA
Structure and regulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.
Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol.,
2000
, 16 (521-55).
Larsen JK
et al.
Quantitative analysis of the expression and distribution of calcium channel alpha 1 subunit mRNA in the atria and ventricles of the rat heart.
J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol.,
2002
May
, 34 (519-32).
Credits
Contributors: Rajnish Ranjan, Michael Schartner
To cite this page: [Contributors] Channelpedia https://channelpedia.epfl.ch/ionchannels/85/ , accessed on [date]