Referenced in: none

Automatically associated channels: TRP , TRPM , TRPM6

Title: [Magnesium homeostasis and its disturbances].

Authors: Kentaro Nakai

Journal, date & volume: Clin Calcium, 2012 Aug , 22, 1167-72

PubMed link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22846351

Abstract
Magnesium homeostasis is maintained through normal functions of the kidney, intestine, and bone. In the kidney, approximately 80% magnesium is filtered by the glomeruli. In general, 95% filtered magnesium is collectively reabsorbed in the proximal tubule (15%-20%) , thick ascending limb of Henle (TAL, 65%-75%) , and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT, 5%-10%) . In the TAL, magnesium reabsorption regulated by the paracellular pathway via claudin-16 is driven by electrochemical voltage. Chloride channel Kb and renal outer medullary potassium channels control this lumen-positive voltage. In the DCT, the transcellular pathway via transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (TRPM6) plays a fundamental role in the final 5%-10% magnesium reabsorption. The functions of TRPM6 depend on Na-Cl co-transporters and Na( + )-K( + )-ATPase. Defects in these regulatory proteins may cause inherited or drug-induced disorders of magnesium metabolism. Recently, some proteins have been confirmed to be responsible for magnesium homeostasis ; however, further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of magnesium homeostasis.