Referenced in: none

Automatically associated channels: Kv11.1 , Kv7.1 , Nav1.5

Title: Inherited long QT syndrome: clinical manifestation, genetic diagnostics, and therapy.

Authors: Sven Zumhagen, Birgit Stallmeyer, Corinna Friedrich, Lars Eckardt, Guiscard Seebohm, Eric Schulze-Bahr

Journal, date & volume: Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol, 2012 Sep , 23, 211-9

PubMed link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22996910

Abstract
Inherited long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterized by a prolonged ventricular repolarization (QTc interval) and symptoms (syncope, sudden cardiac arrest) due to polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias. As of today, 13 different cardiac ion channel genes have been associated with congenital LQTS. The most common ones are due to KCNQ1 (LQT-1), KCNH2 (LQT-2), and SCN5A (LQT-3) gene mutations and account for up to 75 % of cases. Typical clinical findings are an increased QT interval on the surface electrocardiogram, specifically altered T wave morphologies, polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias, or an indicative family history. Recently, in the HRS/EHRA expert consensus statement, comprehensive genetic testing of major LQTS genes was recommended for index patients for whom there is a strong clinical suspicion of LQTS. Overall, antiadrenergic therapy, in particular β-receptor blockers, has been the mainstay of therapy and has significantly reduced cardiac events. For high-risk patients, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is recommended. Importantly, lifestyle modification and avoidance of arrhythmia triggers are additional important approaches.