Referenced in: none

Automatically associated channels: TRP , TRPA , TRPA1

Title: Emerging novel functions of the oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes.

Authors: Brian W Wong, Anna Kuchnio, Ulrike Bruning, Peter Carmeliet

Journal, date & volume: Trends Biochem. Sci., 2013 Jan , 38, 3-11

PubMed link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23200187

Abstract
Oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes (PHDs) target hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-α subunits for proteasomal degradation in normoxia through hydroxylation. Recently, novel mechanisms of PHD activation and function have been unveiled. Interestingly, PHD3 can unexpectedly amplify HIF signaling through hydroxylation of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase (PK) muscle isoform 2 (PKM2). Recent studies have also yielded insight into HIF-independent PHD functions, including the control of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor trafficking in synaptic transmission and the activation of transient receptor potential cation channel member A1 (TRPA1) ion channels by oxygen levels in sensory nerves. Finally, PHD activation has been shown to involve the iron chaperoning function of poly(rC) binding protein (PCBP)1 and the (R)-enantiomer of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). The intersection of these regulatory pathways and interactions highlight the complexity of PHD regulation and function.